Vetvicka, V,
Terayama K, Mandeville R, Brousseau P, Kournikakis B, Ostroff G
Orally-administered Yeast β1,3- glucan prophylactically protects against
anthrax infection and cancer in mice
Journal of the American>
Nutraceutical Association. Vol. 5, No. 2, Spring 2002: 16-20.
Abstract
β1,3-glucans from various
bacterial, mushroom, yeast, and cereal sources have been established as
immunomodulators. In the present paper we demonstrate that orally-administered
yeast β1,3-glucan had significant effects as a prophylactic treatment to reduce
the mortality of anthrax infection in mice. In addition, the same type of
treatment also inhibited the growth of metastatic cancer cells in vivo.
The mechanism of action involves the stimulation of three important cytokines:
IL-2, IFN-γ, and TNF. These results provide preclinical evidence for the
beneficial effects of orally-administered yeast.
Citation
Tokunaka K, Ohno N, Adachi Y, Tanaka S,
Tamura H, Yadomae T.
Immunopharmacological and
immunotoxicological activities of awater-soluble
(1-->3)-beta-D-glucan,CSBG from Candida spp.
Int J Immunopharmacol. 2000
May;22(5):383-94. PMID: 10708886 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE]
Abstract
We have established a
convenient, two-step procedure to solubilize the yeast cell wall
(1-- >3)-beta-D-glucan using the combination of NaClO oxidation and
DMSO extraction. Candida soluble beta-D-glucan (CSBG) was mainly
composed of a linear beta-1,3 glucan with a linear beta-1,6-glucan
moiety. In this study, we screened for several immunopharmacological
activities of CSBG and found the following activities: (1)
interleukin-6 synthesis of macrophages in vitro; (2) antagonistic
effect for zymosan mediated-tumor necrosis factor synthesis of
macrophages; (3) augmentation for lipopolysaccharide mediated tumor
necrosis factor and nitrogen oxide syntheses of macrophages; (4)
activation of alternative pathway of complement; (5) hematopoietic
response on cyclophosphamide induced leukopenia; (6) the antitumor
effect on ascites form tumor; (7) Enhanced vascular permeability;
(8) priming effect on lipopolysaccharide triggered TNF-alpha
synthesis; and (9) adjuvant effect on antibody production. These
results strongly suggested that CSBG possessed various
immunopharmacological activity.
Citation
Sveinbjornsson B, Olsen R, Seternes OM, Seljelid R.
Macrophage cytotoxicity against
murine meth A sarcoma involves
nitric oxide-mediated apoptosis.
Biochem Biophys Res Commun. 1996 Jun
25;223(3):643-9. PMID: 8687449 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE]
Abstract
We have studied the
cytotoxic effect of stimulated macrophages on Meth A tumor cells in
vitro. When stimulated with interferon-gamma and soluble
beta-1,3-D-glucan, macrophages exerted cytotoxicity towards
syngeneic Meth A tumor cells. This cytotoxicity was associated
with a high level of nitric oxide production. Both cell death
and nitric oxide production were significantly inhibited by the
addition of aminoguanidine, a specific inhibitor of inducible nitric
oxide synthase (iNOS), to the culture medium. The cytotoxic
effect was accompanied by internucleosomal cleavage of DNA as shown
by electrophoresis and DNA fragmentation assay.
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